Section outline

  • A robot is like a mini electronic city — wires carry power, LEDs light up, motors move, and the brain (microcontroller) controls everything.

    All parts must be connected using proper circuits to work smoothly.

    • 🧠 Robot’s Internal Communication

      A basic robot has:

      • Power Source – e.g., battery
      • Input Devices – sensors
      • Processing Unit – microcontroller (brain)
      • Output Devices – motors, LEDs, buzzers

      The circuit connects them all, just like a nervous system — the brain sends signals, and the body responds!

    • 🔄 Flow of Energy and Signals

      Example: Robot avoids a wall

      1. Sensor detects obstacle
      2. Sends signal to microcontroller
      3. Microcontroller decides: “Turn left!”
      4. Sends signal to DC motor
      5. Motor turns wheels – 🛞 Robot avoids obstacle

      All this happens in under a second — thanks to the connected circuit!

    • 📦 What’s Inside a Simple Robot Circuit?

      Part Role in the Circuit
      Battery Powers the whole system
      Switch/Button Turns robot on/off
      Microcontroller Brain that makes decisions
      Sensor (e.g., IR) Detects the world (like light or distance)
      Motor Driver Acts like a power booster for motors
      Motors/LEDs Act based on brain’s commands
      Wires Connect everything like roads in a city