Electricity flows through a material when electrons (tiny charged particles) move from one atom to another. But not all materials let electrons move easily.
That’s where conductors and insulators come in.
🧲 What are Conductors?
Conductors are materials that allow electricity to pass through them easily.
They have free electrons that help in the movement of electric current.
🔧 Common Conductors:
Metals like copper, aluminum, silver, and gold
Water with minerals (not pure water!)
Human body (⚠️ That’s why touching live wires is dangerous!)
🧠 Robots use copper wires inside them to carry electricity to different parts.
🚫 What are Insulators?
Insulators are materials that do NOT allow electricity to pass easily.
They protect us from getting shocked and help control the flow of electricity.
📦 Common Insulators:
Plastic
Rubber
Glass
Wood
Dry air
🧤 That’s why electric wires are coated with plastic — to prevent shocks and short circuits.
🛡️ Real-Life Applications
Item
Material Type
Purpose
Copper wires
Conductor
Carry electricity inside robots
Plastic wire coating
Insulator
Keeps users safe
Rubber gloves (electricians)
Insulator
Protection from shocks
Metal robot arm
Conductor
Connects electronic components
🎮 Fun Fact
Have you ever touched a metal doorknob and felt a little zap? That’s static electricity! Your body acted like a conductor and released built-up charge.
