Electricity flows through a material when electrons (tiny charged particles) move from one atom to another. But not all materials let electrons move easily.
That’s where conductors and insulators come in.
🧲 What are Conductors?
Conductors let electricity flow easily — thanks to free-moving electrons.
Common Conductors: Copper, aluminum, silver, gold
⚠️ Human body & tap water can conduct electricity (be careful!)
🧠 Robots use copper wires to send power where it's needed.
🚫 What are Insulators?
Insulators are materials that do NOT allow electricity to pass easily.
They protect us from getting shocked and help control the flow of electricity.
📦 Common Insulators:
Plastic, Rubber, Glass, Wood, Dry air
🧤 That’s why electric wires are coated with plastic — to prevent shocks and short circuits.
🛡️ Real-Life Applications
Item
Material Type
Purpose
Copper wires
Conductor
Carry electricity inside robots
Plastic wire coating
Insulator
Keeps users safe
Rubber gloves (electricians)
Insulator
Protection from shocks
Metal robot arm
Conductor
Connects electronic components
🎮 Fun Fact
Have you ever touched a metal doorknob and felt a little zap? That’s static electricity! Your body acted like a conductor and released built-up charge.
