Eighteenth Century Political Formations

Q1. State wether true or false:

Ans:

(a) Nadir Shah invaded Bengal. - False

(b) Sawai Raja Jai Singh was the ruler of Indore. - False

(c) Guru Gobind Singh was the tenth Guru of the Sikhs. - True

(d)  Poona became the capital of the Marathas in the eighteenth century. - True

Q2. How were the Sikhs organized in the eighteenth century?

Ans:

1. During the 17th century, the Sikhs got organized into a political community. 
2. This led to the regional state-building in Punjab. 
3. Guru Gobind Singh fought many battles against the Rajputs as well as Mughal rulers, both before and after the institution of the Khalsa in 1699.
4. After the death of Guru Gobind Singh in 1708, the Khalsa revolted against the Mughal authority under the leadership of Banda Bahadur and declared their sovereign rule.
5. Banda Bahadur was captured in 1715 and executed in 1716. 
6. In the 18th century, the Sikhs organised themselves into a number of bands called jathas. 
7. Their well-knit organization enabled them to put up successful resistance to the Mughal governors first and then to Ahamd Shah Abdali who had seized the rich province of the Punjab and the Sarkar of Sirhind from the Mughals.

Q3. Why did the Marathas wanted to expand beyond the deccan?

Ans:

 Marathas wanted to expand beyond the Deccan because of the following reasons:

1. They wanted to clip away the authority of the Mughal Empire.
2. Maratha king to be recognised as the overlord of the entire Deccan peninsula.
3. To possess the right to collect Chauth and Sardeshmukhi in the entire region.