7. Transportation in Animals and Plants

Q1. Match the following:

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Q2. Fill in the Blanks:

Ans:

(i) The blood from the heart is transported to all parts of the body by the arteries.

(ii) Haemoglobin is present in red blood cells.

(iii) Arteries and veins are joined by a network of capillaries.

(iv) The rhythmic expansion and contraction of the heart is called heartbeat.

(v) The main excretory product in human beings is urea.

(vi) Sweat contains water and salts.

(vii) Kidneys eliminate the waste materials in the liquid form called urine.

(viii) Water reaches great heights in the trees because of suction pull caused by transpiration.

Q3. Choose the Correct Option:

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(a) In plants, water is transported through (i) xylem.

(b) Water absorption through roots can be increased by keeping the plants (iii) under the fan.

Q4. Why is transport of materials necessary in a plant or in an animal?

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Transportation of materials is necessary in plants & animals:

1. To supply nutrients & oxygen to the cells to release energy during respiration.
2. To carry waste products from different parts of the body for excretion.
3. Thus, transportation is necessary for the survival of plants & animals.

Q5. What will happen if there are no platelets in the blood?

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1. The main function of blood platelets is clotting of blood to stop bleeding.
2. During an injury or cut, blood starts flowing out & clots on its own.
3. Without platelets, blood will not clot.
4. This can lead to excessive bleeding from cuts or injuries which may cause death.

Q6. What are stomata? Give two functions of stomata.

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1. The small pores or openings on the lower surface of the leaves are called stomata.
2. They are surrounded by guard cells.

Functions:

1. Stomata helps in exchange of gases during respiration & photosynthesis.
2. They help to remove water from the plants through transpiration.

Q7. Does transpiration serve any useful function in the plants? Explain.

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Yes, transpiration is useful.

1. It helps in cooling the plant.
2. It helps the plants to get rid of excess water.
3. It increase the absorption of water & minerals by the roots to the leaves by creating a suction pull.
4. This nutrients & water is used by the plants to prepare food during photosynthesis.

Q8. What are the components of blood?

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The blood contains of four components. They are:

1. Plasma: blood is composed of a fluid, called plasma that carries nutrients & waste.
2. Red blood cells (RBC): They contain a red pigment called haemoglobin which helps in transportation of oxygen. 
3. White blood cells (WBC): They fight against germs, diseases, bacteria or any infection in the body.
4. Platelets: Help the blood to clot.

Q9. Why is blood needed by all the parts of a body?

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Blood is needed by all the parts of the body because:

1. It carries oxygen & nutrients to various parts of the body for energy production.
2. It carries away waste products from various parts of the body for excretion.
3. Blood helps in regulating body temperature.
4. It helps the body to fight against diseases.

Q10. What makes the blood look red?

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1. Blood looks red due to the presence of a red pigment called as hemoglobin in red blood cells.
2. Hemoglobin helps in carrying oxygen to various parts of the body.

Q11. Describe the function of the heart.

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1. The heart is a muscular organ which acts as a pump by beating continuously to transport blood which carries other substances with it.
2. The heart ensures that oxygenated blood from the lungs reaches all parts of the body. 
3. The heart sends deoxygenated blood from all the parts of the body to the lungs for exchange of gases.
4. Thus, heart is a vital organ that helps to maintain blood pressure & circulation.

Q12. Why is it necessary to excrete waste products?

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1. The functioning of the cells produces certain waste that are toxic in nature.
2. If these wastes are not removed from the body, they will accumulate in the cells.
3. This will damage the cells, organs & the body.
4. Hence it is important to remove this poisonous waste from the body during excretion.

Q13. Draw a diagram of the human excretory system and label the various parts.

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