Q1. Match the following:

Ans:

Q2. Fill in the blanks:

Ans:

(a) The five Deccan Sultanate were Berar, Khandesh, Ahmadnagar, Bijapur and Golconda.

(b) If zat determined a mansabdar’s rank and salary, sawar indicated his number of horses maintained.    

(c) Abul Fazl, Akbar’s friend and counsellor, helped him frame the idea of administration so that he could govern a society composed of many religions, cultures, and castes.    

Q3. What were the central provinces under the control of the Mughals?

Ans:

The central provinces under the control of the Mughals were:

Panipat, Lahore, Delhi, Agra, Mathura, Amber, Ajmer, Fatehpur Sikri, Chittor, Ranthambhore and Allahabad

Q4. What were the relationships between the mansabdar and the jagir?

Ans:

Relationship between the mansabdar and the jagir was:

1. Mansabdars were people who joined Mughal service.
2. Jagirs were the salaries of the mansabdars in the form of revenue assignments.
3. As the mansabdars received jagirs as their salaries, they depended upon the jagirs for their livelihood.                                                                           

Q5. What was the role of the zamindar in Mughal administration?

Ans:

1. Zamindars were powerful local chieftains appointed by the Mughal rulers.
2. They exercised great influence and power.
3. They collected taxes from the peasants and gave them to the Mughal emperor. Thus, they played the role of intermediaries.
4. In some areas the zamindars became more powerful.
5. The exploitation by Mughal administrators made them to rebel.
6. They got support from the peasants in rebelling against the Mughal authority.

Q6. Why did the Mughals emphasize their Timurid and not their Mongol descent?

Ans: 

1. The Mughals were descendants of two great lineages of rulers.
2. From their mother’s side they were descendants of Genghis Khan, ruler of the Mongol tribes.
3. From their father’s side they were the successors of Timur, the ruler of Iran, Iraq and modern-day Turkey.
4. However, the Mughals did not like to be called Mongol because Mongol's, especially Genghis Khan’s, memory was associated with the massacre of innumerable people.
5. It was also linked with the Uzbegs, their Mongol competitors.
6. On the other hand, the Mughals were proud of their Timurid ancestry, because it achieved a good name in history. 

Q7. How important was the income from land revenue to the stability of the Mughal Empire?

Ans:

The income from land revenue is very important to the stability of the Mughal Empire as:

1. It was used for extension of empire, wars, etc
2. Income is used to pay salaries/wages to army, bureaucrats, artisans and workers.
3. The administrative expenditure is dealt by this income.

Q8. Why was it important for the Mughals to recruit mansabdars from diverse backgrounds and not just Turanis and Iranis?

Ans:

1. The Mughal Empire expanded to different regions.
2. Hence, it was important for the Mughals to recruit people from diverse backgrounds in order to make people comfortable with them.
3. Apart from Turanis and Iranis, now there were mansabdars from Indian Muslims, Afghans, Rajputs, Marathas and other groups.

Q9. Like the Mughal Empire, India today is also made up of many social and cultural units. Does this pose a challenge to national integration?

Ans:

No, this does not pose a challenge to national integration because:

1. We have a unified system of government that has the same rules and regulations for all the citizens irrespective of religion, region, etc.
2. We have a constitution guarding the rights of all and specifying their duties.
3. Now we are unified as a nation, not as distinct states or regions of different rulers.

Q10. Peasants were vital for the economy of the Mughal Empire. Do you think that they are as important today? Has the gap in the income between the rich and the poor in India changed a great deal from the period of the Mughals?

Ans:

1. Peasants are as important today as they were during the Mughal Empire.
2. They cultivate land and grow crops without which we cannot survive.
3. They pay land revenue to the government which is used in various development work.
4. We cannot think of a sound economy without them.
5. They are the backbone of the country.