2. Nutrition in Animals

Q1. Explain how assimilation is different from absorption.

Ans:

1. The process by which the nutrients in the digested food is absorbed by the blood vessels present in the wall of the intestine is called as absorption. 
2. The process by which the absorbed nutrients are utilised by the body for repair, growth and energy generation is called as assimilation.

Q2. What is the action of the intestinal juice on carbohydrates, fats and proteins?

Ans:

The intestinal juice does the following action:

1. Carbohydrates is broken into simple sugars.
2. Fats is broken into fatty acids & glycerol.
3. Protein is broken into amino acid.

Q3. Why do stomach ulcer occur? What will happen if they are not treated?

Ans:

1. The stomach has a protective mucous lining to protect it from its own digestive juices & acid present in the stomach.
2. When this protective mucus lining gets reduced or damaged it causes stomach ulcer
3. If not treated, stomach ulcers can cause pain in the upper abdomen, heart burn, nausea, indigestion or gas.

Q4. Rohan was eating his food quickly without chewing it properly during the lunch break as he wanted to go to play cricket. Suddenly he started coughing severly. Why do you think this happened?

Ans:

1. The wind pipe runs adjacent to the food pipe & they share a common passage in the throat.
2. There is a flap-like valve, called the epiglottis that closes the passage of the windpipe when we swallow food or liquids.
3. When we are eating food quickly or talking or laughing while eating food this valve remains open.
4. As Rohan was eating quickly, the food must have entered the windpipe.
5. Hence, he started coughing to clear the wind pipe of the food.

Q5. Differentiate between milk teeth and permanent teeth.

Ans:

Q6. Explain the function of the tongue in the digestive process?

Ans:

1. The tongue helps to move, chew & mix saliva with the food in the mouth.
2. It has different taste buds which helps us to taste different flavours.
3. It helps to swallow the food by pushing it into the oesophagus.

Q7. How does the digestive system of humans differ from that of ruminants?

Ans:

1. The humans have a single chambered stomach while ruminants have a stomach with four chambers.
2.  The ruminants can digest cellulose, a comples carbophydrate obtained from plants with the help of cellulose digesting bacteria in their rumen. While humans cannot digest cellulose.

Q8: Name the four chambers of stomach present in ruminants with their functions.

Ans:

The four chambers of the stomach in ruminants are:

1. Rumen: It is the first chamber where food is stored here & broken down in the form of cud after swallowing. 
2. Reticulum: It is second chamber which sends the cud back to the mouth for chewing.
3. Omasum: it is the third chamber where food in broken down into pieces.
4. Abomasum: It is last chamber where the aic & digestive juices are mixed with the food.

Q9. What is ORS? When should it be given?

Ans:

1. ORS means oral rehydration solution.
2. It should be given to anybody suffering from diarrhoea.
3. Diarrhoea is when a person is passing watery stool frequently due to infection, food poisoning or indigestion.
4. This causes excessive loss of water and salts from the body.
5. ORS is made by boiling & cooling plenty of water with a pinch of salt & sugar dissolved in it.

Q10. How does the food reach the stomach?

Ans:

1. When the food is ready to be swallowed, the tongue pushes food into the throat.
2. The epiglottis, a flap like valve covers the windpipe & food food enters the oesophagus.
3.  The muscles of the esophagus contract & relax in a wave-like motion called peristalsis.
4. This motion pushes the food into the stomach.