The Raspberry Pi is a credit card-sized computer developed by the Raspberry Pi Foundation to promote computer science and digital making. Unlike microcontrollers such as Arduino, the Raspberry Pi runs a full operating system (usually a version of Linux called Raspberry Pi OS) and is capable of performing multiple tasks at once — making it ideal for robotics projects that involve image processing, internet connectivity, or multitasking.
There are several models of Raspberry Pi, including Raspberry Pi 3, 4, and the more compact Raspberry Pi Zero. Each model offers different processing power, memory, and connectivity options, but the general architecture and usage are consistent across the board. The Raspberry Pi 4, for instance, comes with a quad-core processor, multiple USB ports, HDMI output, and wireless communication (Wi-Fi and Bluetooth), making it suitable for a wide range of applications from DIY robotics to media centers.
In robotics, Raspberry Pi serves as the 'brain' for complex tasks that require decision-making, user interface, or communication with web servers. It can be integrated with other microcontrollers or used standalone. Projects like camera-based object tracking, voice-controlled robots, and cloud-connected monitoring systems are well-suited for Raspberry Pi.