07. Robotics with Arduino

🧠 How a Line Follower Works

Line follower robots use sensors—usually infrared (IR) sensors—to detect the difference between dark and light surfaces. Here’s the basic idea:

• IR sensors shine light and measure how much reflects back.
• White reflects more IR light, black absorbs more (reflects less).
• When the robot detects it’s on a black line, it adjusts its motors to stay on track.

📋 Simple Logic Behind It

Let’s assume you have two IR sensors—one on the left, one on the right.

🛠️ Algorithm Design – Step-by-Step

1. Start robot and turn on sensors
2. Keep checking sensor readings
3. If both sensors see white – keep going straight
4. If left is black and right is white – turn left
5. If right is black and left is white – turn right
6. If both are black – stop and adjust

🎯 Planning Your Robot Build

• Chassis (robot body)
• 2 IR sensors (or more for advanced version)
• 2 DC motors with wheels
• Motor driver module (like L298N)
• Arduino board (like Uno)
• Power supply (battery)

Once you have this logic clear, building the line follower becomes a fun challenge! In the next section, we’ll begin assembling the robot step-by-step.